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91.
92.
Seascape genetics along environmental gradients in the Arabian Peninsula: insights from ddRAD sequencing of anemonefishes 下载免费PDF全文
Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo Joseph D. Dibattista Marek J. Piatek Michelle R. Gaither Hugo B. Harrison Gerrit B. Nanninga Michael L. Berumen 《Molecular ecology》2015,24(24):6241-6255
Understanding the processes that shape patterns of genetic structure across space is a central aim of landscape genetics. However, it remains unclear how geographical features and environmental variables shape gene flow, particularly for marine species in large complex seascapes. Here, we evaluated the genomic composition of the two‐band anemonefish Amphiprion bicinctus across its entire geographical range in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, as well as its close relative, Amphiprion omanensis endemic to the southern coast of Oman. Both the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea are complex and environmentally heterogeneous marine systems that provide an ideal scenario to address these questions. Our findings confirm the presence of two genetic clusters previously reported for A. bicinctus in the Red Sea. Genetic structure analyses suggest a complex seascape configuration, with evidence of both isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). In addition to IBD and IBE, genetic structure among sites was best explained when two barriers to gene flow were also accounted for. One of these coincides with a strong oligotrophic–eutrophic gradient at around 16–20?N in the Red Sea. The other agrees with a historical bathymetric barrier at the straight of Bab al Mandab. Finally, these data support the presence of interspecific hybrids at an intermediate suture zone at Socotra and indicate complex patterns of genomic admixture in the Gulf of Aden with evidence of introgression between species. Our findings highlight the power of recent genomic approaches to resolve subtle patterns of gene flow in marine seascapes. 相似文献
93.
Naturally occurring variation in tadpole morphology and performance linked to predator regime 下载免费PDF全文
James B. Johnson Daniel Saenz Cory K. Adams Toby J. Hibbitts 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(15):2991-3002
Divergent natural selection drives a considerable amount of the phenotypic and genetic variation observed in natural populations. For example, variation in the predator community can generate conflicting selection on behavioral, life‐history, morphological, and performance traits. Differences in predator regime can subsequently increase phenotypic and genetic variations in the population and result in the evolution of reproductive barriers (ecological speciation) or phenotypic plasticity. We evaluated morphology and swimming performance in field collected Bronze Frog larvae (Lithobates clamitans) in ponds dominated by predatory fish and those dominated by invertebrate predators. Based on previous experimental findings, we hypothesized that tadpoles from fish‐dominated ponds would have small bodies, long tails, and large tail muscles and that these features would facilitate fast‐start speed. We also expected to see increased tail fin depth (i.e., the tail‐lure morphology) in tadpoles from invertebrate‐dominated ponds. Our results support our expectations with respect to morphology in affecting swimming performance of tadpoles in fish‐dominated ponds. Furthermore, it is likely that divergent natural selection is playing a role in the diversification on morphology and locomotor performance in this system. 相似文献
94.
Exploring seascape genetics and kinship in the reef sponge Stylissa carteri in the Red Sea 下载免费PDF全文
Emily C. Giles Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo Nigel E. Hussey Michael L. Berumen 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(13):2487-2502
A main goal of population geneticists is to study patterns of gene flow to gain a better understanding of the population structure in a given organism. To date most efforts have been focused on studying gene flow at either broad scales to identify barriers to gene flow and isolation by distance or at fine spatial scales in order to gain inferences regarding reproduction and local dispersal. Few studies have measured connectivity at multiple spatial scales and have utilized novel tools to test the influence of both environment and geography on shaping gene flow in an organism. Here a seascape genetics approach was used to gain insight regarding geographic and ecological barriers to gene flow of a common reef sponge, Stylissa carteri in the Red Sea. Furthermore, a small‐scale (<1 km) analysis was also conducted to infer reproductive potential in this organism. At the broad scale, we found that sponge connectivity is not structured by geography alone, but rather, genetic isolation in the southern Red Sea correlates strongly with environmental heterogeneity. At the scale of a 50‐m transect, spatial autocorrelation analyses and estimates of full‐siblings revealed that there is no deviation from random mating. However, at slightly larger scales (100–200 m) encompassing multiple transects at a given site, a greater proportion of full‐siblings was found within sites versus among sites in a given location suggesting that mating and/or dispersal are constrained to some extent at this spatial scale. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting that environmental and ecological variables play a major role in the genetic structure of marine invertebrate populations. 相似文献
95.
Ocane C. Salles Glenn R. Almany Michael L. Berumen Geoffrey P. Jones Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo Maya Srinivasan Simon R. Thorrold Benoit Pujol Serge Planes 《Ecology letters》2020,23(2):265-273
The relative contributions of environmental, maternal and additive genetic factors to the Lifetime reproductive success (LRS) determine whether species can adapt to rapid environmental change. Yet to date, studies quantifying LRS across multiple generations in marine species in the wild are non‐existent. Here we used 10‐year pedigrees resolved for a wild orange clownfish population from Kimbe Island (PNG) and a quantitative genetic linear mixed model approach to quantify the additive genetic, maternal and environmental contributions to variation in LRS for the self‐recruiting portion of the population. We found that the habitat of the breeder, including the anemone species and geographic location, made the greatest contribution to LRS. There were low to negligible contributions of genetic and maternal factors equating with low heritability and evolvability. Our findings imply that our population will be susceptible to short‐term, small‐scale changes in habitat structure and may have limited capacity to adapt to these changes. 相似文献
96.
97.
Studies of the domestic cat have contributed to many scientific advances, including the present understanding of the mammalian cerebral cortex. A practical capability for cat transgenesis is needed to realize the distinctive potential of research on this neurobehaviorally complex, accessible species for advancing human and feline health. For example, humans and cats are afflicted with pandemic AIDS lentiviruses that are susceptible to species-specific restriction factors. Here we introduced genes encoding such a factor, rhesus macaque TRIMCyp, and eGFP, into the cat germline. The method establishes gamete-targeted transgenesis for the first time in a carnivore. We observed uniformly transgenic outcomes, widespread expression, no mosaicism and no F1 silencing. TRIMCyp transgenic cat lymphocytes resisted feline immunodeficiency virus replication. This capability to experimentally manipulate the genome of an AIDS-susceptible species can be used to test the potential of restriction factors for HIV gene therapy and to build models of other infectious and noninfectious diseases. 相似文献
98.
Ashraf AP Alvarez JA Gower BA Saenz KH McCormick KL 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2011,19(11):2214-2221
Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk for metabolic syndrome. We determined the relationship of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with metabolic syndrome components in obese adolescent females and assessed whether vitamin D treatment corrects metabolic disturbances. Eighty postmenarchal adolescents (53 African American (AA) and 27 Caucasian American (CA)) were evaluated with blood pressures and fasting measurements of serum 25(OH)D, lipid profile, C‐reactive protein, alanine transaminases (ALTs) and aspartate transaminases followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. A subgroup (n = 14) of vitamin D deficient subjects were re‐evaluated following vitamin D treatment. Among all subjects, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting glucose (r = ?0.28, P = 0.02) and positively associated with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.31, P = 0.008), independent of race and BMI. In analyses by race, adjusted for BMI, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting insulin in CA (r = ?0.42, P = 0.03) but not AA (r = 0.11, P = 0.43) whereas 25(OH)D was positively associated with ALT in AA, but not CA (r = 0.29, P = 0.04 vs. r = ?0.21, P = 0.32). Fasting glucose improved in vitamin D treated subgroup (from 89.07 ± 8.3 mg/dl to 84.34 ± 8.4 mg/dl, P = 0.05). A trend toward improvement in fasting glucose remained after exclusion of four subjects whose serum 25(OH)D2 did not improve following treatment (P = 0.12). In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting glucose, and vitamin D treatment had beneficial effects on fasting glucose. Relationships of 25(OH)D with fasting insulin and ALT were ethnic specific. The positive relationship with LDL and ALT were suggestive of possible adverse influences of vitamin D. 相似文献
99.
Bean LE Dvorachek WH Braun EL Errett A Saenz GS Giles MD Werner-Washburne M Nelson MA Natvig DO 《Genetics》2001,157(3):1067-1075
We report the analysis of a 36-kbp region of the Neurospora crassa genome, which contains homologs of two closely linked stationary phase genes, SNZ1 and SNO1, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologs of SNZ1 encode extremely highly conserved proteins that have been implicated in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) metabolism in the filamentous fungi Cercospora nicotianae and in Aspergillus nidulans. In N. crassa, SNZ and SNO homologs map to the region occupied by pdx-1 (pyridoxine requiring), a gene that has been known for several decades, but which was not sequenced previously. In this study, pyridoxine-requiring mutants of N. crassa were found to possess mutations that disrupt conserved regions in either the SNZ or SNO homolog. Previously, nearly all of these mutants were classified as pdx-1. However, one mutant with a disrupted SNO homolog was at one time designated pdx-2. It now appears appropriate to reserve the pdx-1 designation for the N. crassa SNZ homolog and pdx-2 for the SNO homolog. We further report annotation of the entire 36,030-bp region, which contains at least 12 protein coding genes, supporting a previous conclusion of high gene densities (12,000-13,000 total genes) for N. crassa. Among genes in this region other than SNZ and SNO homologs, there was no evidence of shared function. Four of the genes in this region appear to have been lost from the S. cerevisiae lineage. 相似文献
100.
Jose?Mendoza James?Botsford Jose?Hernandez Anna?Montoya Roswitha?Saenz Adrian?Valles Alejandro?Vazquez Maria?AlvarezEmail author 《BMC microbiology》2004,4(1):17